شناخت چالش‌های محیط زیست در ایران و راهکارهای بهبود آنها بر اساس مدل فینک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری علوم سیاسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی(ره)، قزوین، ایران.

چکیده

یکی از مسائل اساسی در ایران، موضوع محیط زیست است که همواره با چالش‌ها و تغییرات متعددی روبه­رو بوده و بحران‌های محیط زیستی، بستری برای بروز بحران‌های اجتماعی و سیاسی نیز فراهم کرده است. سؤال پژوهش حاضر برای فهم وضعیت بحران محیط زیست کشور این است که چالش‌ها و راهکارهای محیط زیستی در کشور ایران چیست؟ فرضیۀ نوشتار مبتنی بر این است که سرانۀ آب در ایران به­شدت کاهش یافته و بیش از 90 درصد آب مورد استفاده در بخش کشاورزی بدون برنامه‌ریزی مناسب مصرف می‌شود. همچنین آلودگی هوا به­عنوان یک بحران مزمن، سالانه خسارات اقتصادی قابل‌ توجهی به کشور وارد می‌کند که در چارچوب نظری مدیریت بحران فینک بررسی و یافته‌های‌ پژوهش نشان داد: 1) مهم‌ترین عوامل بحران‌زایی محیط زیستی در ایران شامل تحریم‌های اقتصادی، سیاست‌های متناقض دولتی، فساد زیست‌ محیطی و انگیزه‌های سلیقه‌ای است. 2) برای کاهش آلودگی هوا پیشنهاد می‌شود از مالیات سبز، بهره‌مندی از تجربه‌ای جهانی و بازنگری در ساختار سازمان حفاظت از محیط زیست استفاده شود، 3) این مطالعه نشان می‌دهد که بدون سیاست‌گذاری بلندمدت و هماهنگ، بحران‌های محیط زیستی می‌توانند به بحران‌های اجتماعی و اقتصادی گسترده‌تری تبدیل شوند. درنتیجه، محیط زیست کشور از وضعیت مطلوبی برخودار نیست و در بعضی از دوران‌ نیز به دلیل شرایط خاص سیاسی و اجتماعی یا نگاه سلیقه‌ای، بی‌ثباتی‌های سیاسی- اجتماعی را تجربه کرده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Understanding Environmental Challenges in Iran and Solutions to Improve Them Based on the Fink Model

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ghorban-Ali Ghorbanzadeh Savar 1
  • MOHAMAD KAMKARI 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, Imam Khomeini International University (IKIU), Qazvin-Iran.
2 PhD Candidate Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin ,Iran.
چکیده [English]

One of the fundamental issues in Iran is the environment, which has always faced numerous challenges and changes, and environmental crises have also provided a platform for the emergence of social and political crises. The question of the present study to understand the state of the country's environmental crisis is what are the environmental challenges and solutions in Iran? The hypothesis of the article is based on the fact that per capita water in Iran has decreased sharply and more than 90 percent of the water used in the agricultural sector is consumed without proper planning. Also, air pollution, as a chronic crisis, causes significant economic losses to the country annually, which was examined within the theoretical framework of Fink's crisis management and the research findings showed: 1) The most important factors causing environmental crises in Iran include economic sanctions, contradictory government policies, environmental corruption, and tasteful motives. 2) It is suggested to use green taxes, benefit from global experience, and review the structure of the Environmental Protection Organization to reduce air pollution. 3) This study shows that without long-term and coordinated policymaking, environmental crises can turn into broader social and economic crises. As a result, the country's environment is not in a favorable condition and in some periods, due to specific political and social conditions or personal views, it has experienced socio-political instability.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Crisis
  • Environment
  • Sanctions
  • Iran
  • Fink Model

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جامعه و محیط زیست
دوره 2، شماره 5
تیر 1404
صفحه 57-82

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